Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies in Dogs and Breeder practices promoting spread of infection in Plateau State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Echinococcus granulosus, dogs, Antibody, seroprevalence zoonotic, Plateau
Abstract
Background: Echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic disease of public health significance, but there have been few studies of the infection in dogs in Nigeria. This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of E. granulosus in dogs in four Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria.
Methods: A total of 179 dog sera were examined for the presence of E. granulosus antibody using an ELISA kit between May to October 2017.
Results: Eleven of the sera (6.1%) were seropositive with a prevalence of 7.4% and 2.3% for dogs less than 2 years and those above 2 years of age respectively. More male dogs (7.5%) than females (4.1%) were seropositive. Seroprevalence was associated with <2years than > 2 years dogs (OR=3.33, p=0.46) and male than female dogs (OR=1.90, p=0.53) but association were not significant. Dogs from Bassa had the highest seroprevalence (15.2%), followed by Mangu (5.9%), Kanke (4.8%) and Jos South (2.0%). Odds ratio showed an association which was not significant between Bassa (OR=3.3), Kanke (OR=2.50).
Conclusion: This study shows that E. granulosus infection is present in dogs in some parts of Plateau State. More studies should be done to ascertain echinococcus infection in dogs in Nigeria to aid the formulation of control programmes to forestall its public health impacts.
Annals of Medical Laboratory Science (2021) 1(2), 9 - 17
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Oba, P., Ejobi, F., Omadang, L., Chamai, M., Okwi, A. L., Othieno, E., Inangolet, F. O., & Ocaido, M. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Moroto and Bukedea districts in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod, 48(2), 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0943-z
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Van Kesteren, F., Mastin, A., Mytynova, B., Ziadinov, I., Boufana, B., Torgerson, P. R., Rogan, M. T., & Craig, P. S. (2013). Dog ownership, dog behaviour and transmission of Echinococcus spp. in the Alay Valley, southern Kyrgyzstan. Parasitology, 140(13), 1674-1684. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/dogownership-dog-behaviour-and-transmissionof-echinococcus-spp-in-the-alay-valley-southern-kyrgyzstan /0961E0527C9C488CCF4C56D460A97D8B
Wang, Q., Yu, W.-J., Zhong, B., Shang, J.-Y., Huang, L., Mastin, A., Huang, Y., Zhang, G.-J., He, W., & Giraudoux, P. (2016). Seasonal pattern of Echinococcus re-infection in owned dogs in Tibetan communities of Sichuan, China and its implications for control. Infectious diseases of poverty, 5(1), 1-8. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-016-0155-4
Weng, X., Mu, Z., Wei, X., Wang, X., Zuo, Q., Ma, S., Ding, Y., Wang, X., Wu, W., & Craig, P. S. (2020). The effects of dog management on Echinococcus spp. prevalence in villages on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Parasites & vectors, 13, 1-12.
Adediran, O. A., Kolapo, T. U., & Uwalaka, E. C. (2014). Echinococcus granulosus Prevalence in Dogs in Southwest Nigeria. J Parasitol Res, 2014, 124358. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/124358
Alvarez Rojas, C. A., Romig, T., & Lightowlers, M. W. (2014). Echinococcus granulosus sensulato genotypes infecting humans--review of current knowledge. Int J Parasitol, 44(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.08.008
Bitrus, D., Weka, R., Yakubu, R., Ogo, I. N., Kamani, J., & Ikeh, E. (2020). Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in some parts of Plateau State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 41(1), 30-34. https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v41i1.5
Brunetti, E., Garcia, H. H., Junghanss, T., & International CE Workshop in Lima, P. (2011). Cystic echinococcosis: chronic, complex, and still neglected. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 5(7), e1146. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001146
Carmena, D., & Cardona, G. A. (2013). Canine echinococcosis: global epidemiology and genotypic diversity. Acta Trop, 128(3), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.08.002
Cerda, J. R., Buttke, D. E., & Ballweber, L. R. (2018). Echinococcus spp. Tapeworms in North America. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24 (2), 230-235.https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.161126
Conceição, M. A. P., Cravo, I., Costa, I. M. H., Ferreira, R., Costa, R. P. R., Castro, A., & Costa, J. M. C. (2017). Echinococcus granulosus ss in dog - A report in center-northern Portugal. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports, 9, 84-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.05.002
Craig, P. S., Hegglin, D., Lightowlers, M. W., Torgerson, P. R., & Wang, Q. (2017). Echinococcosis: Control and Prevention. Adv Parasitol, 96, 55-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.09.002
das Neves, L. B., Teixeira, P. E., Silva, S., de Oliveira, F. B., Garcia, D. D., de Almeida, F. B., Rodrigues-Silva, R., & Machado-Silva, J. R. (2017). First molecular identification of Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) G1 revealed in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors, 10(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1952-0
Deplazes, P., Rinaldi, L., Alvarez Rojas, C. A., Torgerson, P. R., Harandi, M. F., Romig, T., Antolova, D., Schurer, J. M., Lahmar, S., Cringoli, G., Magambo, J., Thompson, R. C., & Jenkins, E. J. (2017). Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis. Adv Parasitol, 95, 315-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.001
Grosso, G., Gruttadauria, S., Biondi, A., Marventano, S., & Mistretta, A. (2012). Worldwide epidemiology of liver hydatidosis including the Mediterranean area. World J Gastroenterol, 18(13), 1425-1437. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i13.1425
Ingole, R. S., Khakse, H. D., Jadhao, M. G., & Ingole, S. R. (2018). Prevalence of Echinococcus infection in dogs in Akola district of Maharashtra (India) by Copro- PCR. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports, 13, 60-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.03.013
Jara, L. M., Rodriguez, M., Altamirano, F., Herrera, A., Verastegui, M., Gímenez-Lirola, L. G., Gilman, R. H., & Gavidia, C. M. (2019). Development and Validation of a Copro-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sandwich for Detection of Echinococcus granulosus-Soluble Membrane Antigens in Dogs. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 100(2), 330-335. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0645
Liu, C. N., Xu, Y. Y., Cadavid-Restrepo, A. M., Lou, Z. Z., Yan, H. B., Li, L., Fu, B. Q., Gray, D. J., Clements, A. A., Barnes, T. S., Williams, G. M., Jia, W. Z., McManus, D. P., & Yang, Y. R. (2018). Estimating the prevalence of Echinococcus in domestic dogs in highly endemic for echinococcosis. Infect Dis Poverty, 7
(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-018-0458-8
Magaji, A., Oboegbulem, O., SI, S. I., Daneji, D., AI, A. I., Garba, G., HS, H. S., Salihu, S., MD, M. D., Junaidu, J., AU, A. U., Mohammed, M., AA, A. A., Lawal, L., M, M., S, A., Yakubu, Y., Y, Y., Mamuda, A., . . . A, A. (2011). Incidence of Hydatid cyst disease in food animals slaughtered at Sokoto Central Abattoir, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Veterinary World, 197. https://doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2011.197-200
Mauti, S., Traoré, A., Crump, L., Zinsstag, J., & Grimm, F. (2016). First report of Echinococcus granulosus (genotype G6) in a dog in Bamako, Mali. Vet Parasitol, 217, 61-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.027
McManus, D. P., Gray, D. J., Zhang, W., & Yang, Y. (2012). Diagnosis, treatment, and management of echinococcosis. BMJ, 344, e3866. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3866
Oba, P., Ejobi, F., Omadang, L., Chamai, M., Okwi, A. L., Othieno, E., Inangolet, F. O., & Ocaido, M. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Moroto and Bukedea districts in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod, 48(2), 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0943-z
Romig, T., Deplazes, P., Jenkins, D., Giraudoux, P., Massolo, A., Craig, P. S., Wassermann, M., Takahashi, K., & de la Rue, M. (2017). Ecology and Life Cycle Patterns of Echinococcus Species. Adv Parasitol, 95, 213-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.11.002
Romig, T., Omer, R. A., Zeyhle, E., Hüttner, M., Dinkel, A., Siefert, L., Elmahdi, I. E., Magambo, J., Ocaido, M., Menezes, C. N., Ahmed, M. E., Mbae, C., Grobusch, M. P., & Kern, P. (2011). Echinococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa: emerging complexity. Vet Parasitol, 181(1), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.022
Sangaran, A., & John, L. (2009). Prevalence of hydatidosis in sheep and goats in and around Chennai.
Singh, B. B., Dhand, N. K., Ghatak, S., & Gill, J. P. (2014). Economic losses due to cystic echinococcosis in India: Need for urgent action to control the disease. Prev Vet Med, 113(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.09.007
Thevenet, P. S., Alvarez, H. M., Torrecillas, C., Jensen, O., & Basualdo, J. A. (2020). Dispersion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs from infected dogs under natural conditions in Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of helminthology, 94. https://www.cambridge.org/core/ journals/journal-of-helminthology/article/dispersion-of-echinococcus-granulosus-eggsfrom-infected-dogs-under-natural-conditions-in-patagonia-argentina/E93506E38E59F7C1311EB86A1DD9FBA6
Van Kesteren, F., Mastin, A., Mytynova, B., Ziadinov, I., Boufana, B., Torgerson, P. R., Rogan, M. T., & Craig, P. S. (2013). Dog ownership, dog behaviour and transmission of Echinococcus spp. in the Alay Valley, southern Kyrgyzstan. Parasitology, 140(13), 1674-1684. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/dogownership-dog-behaviour-and-transmissionof-echinococcus-spp-in-the-alay-valley-southern-kyrgyzstan /0961E0527C9C488CCF4C56D460A97D8B
Wang, Q., Yu, W.-J., Zhong, B., Shang, J.-Y., Huang, L., Mastin, A., Huang, Y., Zhang, G.-J., He, W., & Giraudoux, P. (2016). Seasonal pattern of Echinococcus re-infection in owned dogs in Tibetan communities of Sichuan, China and its implications for control. Infectious diseases of poverty, 5(1), 1-8. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-016-0155-4
Weng, X., Mu, Z., Wei, X., Wang, X., Zuo, Q., Ma, S., Ding, Y., Wang, X., Wu, W., & Craig, P. S. (2020). The effects of dog management on Echinococcus spp. prevalence in villages on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Parasites & vectors, 13, 1-12.
Published
2021-06-20
How to Cite
Bitrus, D., Weka, R. P., Yakubu, R. A., Ogo, I. N., & Ikeh, E. I. (2021). Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies in Dogs and Breeder practices promoting spread of infection in Plateau State, Nigeria. Annals of Medical Laboratory Science, 1(2), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.51374/annalsmls.2021.1.2.0038
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